Help:Reference guide

See also: Help:Contents

This is a single-page reference guide for Nottinghack Wiki. If you are looking for an introduction, please see the tutorial on using the wiki.

About this Wiki

Nottinghack Wiki is powered by MediaWiki, the software used by Wikipedia. The main sources of documentation are:

This reference guide was based on the public domain Project:PD help.

Formatting

Basic Markup

Description	You type	You get
Italic text	two aprostrophes for ''italic'' text	two aprostrophes for italic text
Bold text	three aprostrophes for '''bold''' text	three aprostrophes for bold text
Bold and italic	five aprostrophes for '''''bold & italic''''' text	five aprostrophes for bold & italic text
Escape wiki markup	<nowiki>no '''''markup'''''</nowiki>	no '''''markup'''''

Some HTML tags are allowed by MediaWiki (full list).

Description	You type	You get
Underline	<u>Underline</u>	Underline
Strikethrough	<del>Strikethrough</del> or <s>Strikethrough</s>	~~Strikethrough~~ or ~~Strikethrough~~
Monospaced text	<code>Source code</code> or <tt>Teletype text</tt>	`Source code` or `Teletype text`
Superscript	C<sup>2</sup>	C²
Subscript	C<sub>2</sub>	C₂
Size adjustments	<big>Larger text</big> <small>Smaller text</small> <small>Small text with <big>larger text</big> inside</small> <small><small>Really small text</small></small>	Larger text Smaller text Small text with larger text inside Really small text
Code	<code>code sample</code>	`code sample`
Old-school font styling Note: This is deprecated, so use CSS styling instead.	<font color="green" size="4" face="serif">Big Green Serifs</font>	Big Green Serifs
CSS styling	<span style="color:green; font-size:large; font-family:serif">Big Green Serifs</span>	Big Green Serifs
Abbreviation	<abbr title="World Taekwondo Federation">WTF</abbr>	WTF
Cite an author Note: This is often used with a blockquote, shown in #Other section formatting.	<cite>John Doe</cite>	John Doe
Highlight text that has been inserted into a document.	This text <ins>has</ins> been corrected.	This text has been corrected.
Refer to a variable in a computer program	The variable <var>foo</var> has not been initialised.	The variable `foo` has not been initialised.

Formatting Pitfalls

Beware the unexpected results shown below.

Description	You type	You get
Overlapping HTML is invalid Note: Results will vary between browsers.	Avoid <b>overlapping <i>html</b> tags</i>.	[invalid HTML output]
Multiline HTML formatting	Avoid <b>multiline html</b> formatting tags.	[invalid HTML output]
Wiki markup spanning paragraphs	Avoid '''''multiline wiki''''' markup.	Avoid *multiline* wiki markup.
Multiline wiki markup	Avoid '''''multiline wiki''''' markup.	Avoid *multiline* wiki markup.
Overlapping wiki markup Note: This is valid, but can be confusing.	Basic '''overlapping ''wiki''' markup'' works OK.	Basic overlapping wiki markup works OK.

Symbols

An HTML symbol entity is a sequence of characters that produces one particular character. For example, € produces the Euro symbol "€" and ™ produces trademark symbol "™". HTML symbol entities are allowed in MediaWiki and are sometimes used in advanced editing for two main reasons: to insert characters not normally available on keyboards and to prevent the parser from interpreting and displaying HTML tags and symbols:

&euro; → €

Green → Green

The following is a list of characters that can be produced using HTML symbols. Hover any character to find out the symbol that produces it. Some symbols not available in the current font will appear as empty squares.

HTML Symbol Entities
Á	á	Â	â	´	Æ	æ	À	à	ℵ	Α	α	&	∧	∠	Å	å	≈	Ã	ã	Ä	ä	„	Β	β	¦	•	∩	Ç	ç	¸	¢
Χ	χ	ˆ	♣	≅	©	↵	∪	¤	†	‡	↓	⇓	°	Δ	δ	♦	÷	É	é	Ê	ê	È	è	∅			Ε	ε	≡	Η	η
Ð	ð	Ë	ë	€	∃	ƒ	∀	½	¼	¾	⁄	Γ	γ	≥	>	↔	⇔	♥	…	Í	í	Î	î	¡	Ì	ì	ℑ	∞	∫	Ι	ι
¿	∈	Ï	ï	Κ	κ	Λ	λ	⟨	«	←	⇐	⌈	“	≤	⌊	∗	◊	‎	‹	‘	<	¯	—	µ	·	−	Μ	μ	∇		–
≠	∋	¬	∉	⊄	Ñ	ñ	Ν	ν	Ó	ó	Ô	ô	Œ	œ	Ò	ò	‾	Ω	ω	Ο	ο	⊕	∨	ª	º	Ø	ø	Õ	õ	⊗	Ö
ö	¶	∂	‰	⊥	Φ	φ	Π	π	ϖ	±	£	′	″	∏	∝	Ψ	ψ	"	√	⟩	»	→	⇒	⌉	”	ℜ	®	⌋	Ρ	ρ	‏
›	’	‚	Š	š	⋅	§		Σ	σ	ς	∼	♠	⊂	⊆	∑	⊃	¹	²	³	⊇	ß	Τ	τ	∴	Θ	θ	ϑ		Þ	þ	˜
×	™	Ú	ú	↑	⇑	Û	û	Ù	ù	¨	ϒ	Υ	υ	Ü	ü	℘	Ξ	ξ	Ý	ý	¥	ÿ	Ÿ	Ζ	ζ	‍	‌

Mathematical formulae

Formulae can be written in TeX using <math> tags. See wikipedia:Help:Displaying a formula for details.

Description	You type	You get
The equation of mass-energy equivalence	<math>E = mc^2 \,\!</math>	<math>E = mc^2 \,\!</math>
The convolution theorem states that...	<math> \mathcal{F}\{f * g\} = k\cdot \mathcal{F}\{f\}\cdot \mathcal{F}\{g\}</math>	<math> \mathcal{F}\{f * g\} = k\cdot \mathcal{F}\{f\}\cdot \mathcal{F}\{g\}</math>

Signatures

In some situations you may want to sign your name or indicate when a change was made. You can do this easily using the tilde character (~) as shown below. This is particularly useful on talk pages.

Function	You type	Automatically susbstituted wiki code	You get
Full signature (recommended)	~~~~	`[[User:Username\|Username]] 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)`	Username 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
Signature alone	~~~	`[[User:Username\|Username]]`	Username
Timestamp alone	~~~~~	`12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)`	12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Layout

Section formatting can only be used at the beginning of a line. Note: Spaces at the start of a line are significant.

Headings

Headings of different levels are created by surrounding the line with equal signs (=).

== Level 2 ==
=== Level 3 ===
==== Level 4 ====
===== Level 5 =====
====== Level 6 ======

Note: Level 1 is automatically generated for the page title and is not appropriate within the body of articles.

For each heading in the wiki article an HTML anchor is automatically created. That makes it possible to create links to section headings. An article with 4 or more headings automatically shows a table of contents.

Paragraphs

MediaWiki generally ignores single line breaks and joins consecutive lines of text together. To start a new paragraph, leave an empty line. To create a wide paragraph break, leave two empty lines. You can force a line break inside a paragraph with the HTML tag  .

Description	You type	You get
Single line breaks are ignored	This text is joined together as if it were a single line.	This text is joined together as if it were a single line.
Empty lines define paragraphs Note: Two empty lines give a larger paragraph break.	First paragraph. Second paragraph. The third paragraph will <br /> break in the middle.	First paragraph. Second paragraph. The third paragraph will break in the middle.

Other section formatting

Description	You type	You get
Bullet list	* Start each line * with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk\|asterisk]] (). * More asterisks gives deeper *** and deeper levels. * Line breaks<br />don't break levels. *** But jumping levels creates empty space. Any other new line ends the list.	Start each line with an asterisk (*). More asterisks gives deeper and deeper levels. Line breaks don't break levels. But jumping levels creates empty space. Any other new line ends the list.
Numbered list	# Start each line # with a [[Wikipedia:Number sign\|number sign]] (#). ## More number signs gives deeper ### and deeper ### levels. # Line breaks<br />don't break levels. ### But jumping levels creates empty space. # Blank lines # end the list and start another. Any other new line also ends the list.	Start each line with a number sign (#). More number signs gives deeper and deeper levels. Line breaks don't break levels. But jumping levels creates empty space. Blank lines end the list and start another. Any other new line also ends the list.
Definition list	;item 1 : definition 1 ;item 2 : definition 2-1 : definition 2-2	item 1 definition 1 item 2 definition 2-1 definition 2-2
Mixture of different types of list	# one # two #* two point one #* two point two # three ## three sub 1 ### three sub 1 sub 1 ## three sub 2	one two two point one two point two three three sub 1 three sub 1 sub 1 three sub 2
Poetry	<poem> A programmer started to cuss, Because getting to sleep was a fuss. As he lay there in bed, Looping ’round in his head, Was: while(!asleep()) sheep++; -- <cite>Author unknown</cite> </poem>	A programmer started to cuss, Because getting to sleep was a fuss. As he lay there in bed, Looping ’round in his head, Was: while(!asleep()) sheep++; -- Author unknown
Blockquotes	text above text above <blockquote>blockquote</blockquote> text below text below	text above text above blockquote text below text below
Preformatted text Note: This way of preformatting only applies to section formatting. Text formatting markup is still effective.	Start each line with a space. * Text is '''preformatted''' and character formatting is effective.	Start each line with a space. * Text is preformatted and character formatting is effective.
Completely preformatted text	<pre> Text is '''preformatted''' and ''markup'' '''''is''''' not effective.</pre>	Text is '''preformatted''' and ''markup'' '''''is''''' not effective.
Syntax Highlighting for code	<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main (int argc, char** argv) { cout << "Hello World!"; return 0; }</syntaxhighlight>	#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main (int argc, char** argv) { cout << "Hello World!"; return 0; }
A useful error message for syntax higlighting Note: When an invalid 'lang' is used, the error message lists the available languages. Also see [1].	<syntaxhighlight lang="-"></syntaxhighlight>
Horizontal rule	Text above ---- Text below	Text above Text below
Old-school centered text Note: This is deprecated, so use the css method instead.	text above<center>centered</center>text below	text abovecenteredtext below
CSS method to center text	text above<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">centered</div> text below	text above centered text below
Comment	<!-- This is a comment --> Comments are only visible in the edit window.	Comments are only visible in the edit window.

Links

There are three sorts of links:

Internal links to other pages in the wiki.
External links to other websites.
Interwiki links to other websites registered to the wiki in advance.

Internal links

See also: :Category:Templates layout

To add an internal link, enclose the name of the page you want to link to in double square brackets. The first letter of the link is automatically capitalized and spaces are replaced with underscores.

Note: A red link indicates that the target page does not exist yet.

Description	You type	You get
An internal link	[[NottingHack]]	NottingHack
A piped link	[[NottingHack\|different text]]	different text
Word-endings are 'blended'	[[Help]]s [[Help]]ing [[Help]]ers [[Help]]anylettersyoulikehere [[Help]]<nowiki></nowiki>anylettersyoulikehere	Helps Helping Helpers Helpanylettersyoulikehere Helpanylettersyoulikehere
Link to an anchor on the current page Note: See links to section headings.	[[#See also]]	#See also
Link to an anchor from different text	[[#See also\|different text]]	different text
Link to the current page's table of contents	[[#toc\|Contents]]	Contents
Link to the top of the current page	[[#top\|top]]	top
Setting an internal link anchor Note: Omit the "optional text" for invisible anchor.	<div id="NameOfAnchorHere">optional text</div>	optional text
Link to an anchor at another page	[[Help:Images#See also]]	Help:Images#See also
Shortcut to hide a namespace See the pipe trick.	[[Help:Contents\|]] [[Help:Contents]]	Contents Help:Contents
Redirect	#REDIRECT [[Main Page]]	→ Main Page
Link to the current page's talk page	[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}\|Discussion]]	Discussion
Link to the current page's edit page	[{{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}\|action=edit}} Edit]	Edit
Link to a subpage	[[/example]]	/example
Link to a subpage without the leading slash	[[/example/]]	/example/
Link to a category page	[[:Category:Help]]	Category:Help
Link to an image or a file	[[media:example.jpg]]	media:example.jpg
Link to the user's user page	[[Special:MyPage]]	Special:MyPage
Additional wiki markup is permitted in link titles	[[#top\|'''<del>rich</del>''' ''link text'' here.]]	~~rich~~ link text here.

Links to section headings

You can link directly to headings within a wiki page. MediaWiki automatically creates an HTML anchor with the same name as the heading.

Description	You type	You get
Links to section headings	[[#External links\|Links]] [[#Table pitfalls!]]	Links #Table pitfalls!

Note: If a heading is renamed then any links to that heading will be broken.

External links

Description	You type	You get
External link	http://mediawiki.org	http://mediawiki.org
External link with different label	[http://mediawiki.org MediaWiki]	MediaWiki
Numbered external link	[http://mediawiki.org]	[2]
External links with file icons. See currently supported icons.	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.avi video]<br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ogg sound]<br/> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pdf document]<br/>	video sound document
External link to the same host	http://{{SERVERNAME}}/pagename	http://wiki.nottinghack.org.uk/pagename
External link to other host passing the pagename	http://google.com/search?q={{PAGENAMEE}}	http://google.com/search?q=Reference_guide
Mailto link	[mailto:info@example.org email me]	email me
Mailto named with subject line and body	[mailto:info@example.org?Subject=URL%20Encoded%20Subject&body=Body%20Text info]	info
Additional wiki markup is permitted in link titles	[http://www.example.com/some/image.png Example '''<del>rich</del>''' ''link text'' here.]	Example ~~rich~~ link text here.

External link icons

Test link	Icon	Trigger
[3]	external-link-ltr-icon.png	`.external`, `http://`, `gopher://`
[4]	lock-icon.png	`https://`
[5]	mail-icon.png	`mailto:`
[6]	news-icon.png	`news://`
[7]	file-icon.png	`ftp://`
[8]	talk-icon.png	`irc://`
[9]	audio-icon.png	`.ogg`, `.mid`, `.midi`, `.mp3`, `.wav`, `.wma`
[10]	video-icon.png	`.ogm`, `.avi`, `.mpeg`, `.mpg`
[11]	document-icon.png	`.pdf`, `.pdf#`, `.pdf?`

How to avoid auto-links

By default, when you write a URL as is, it will be transformed to an external link. To avoid that effect, put the URL between <nowiki> tags as in:

<nowiki>http://mediawiki.org</nowiki>

Interwiki links

Interwiki links are abbreviations for longer URLs. They can link to an external site almost as if they are linking to a page on Nottinghack Wiki. The external website must be registered in advance on the Special:Interwiki page.

Description	You type	You get
An interwiki link to a `wikipedia` article.	[[wikipedia:Sunflower\|big yellow flower]]	big yellow flower
A similar external link (without using an interwiki link).	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower big yellow flower]	big yellow flower

The pipe trick

The pipe trick is a quick way to abbreviate certain types of links while you are editing wiki text. Once you save the page, the abbreviations are substituted with the full versions of the links. Some examples are shown below and more details can be found in wikipedia:Help:Pipe trick and metawikipedia:Help:Piped link#Pipe trick.

Description	You type	Substitution	You get
Page title with parentheses	[[top (Unix)\|]]	[[top (Unix)\|top]]	top
Page title with commas	[[top, unix\|]]	[[top, unix\|top]]	top
Page title with namespace	[[Help:Contents\|]]	[[Help:Contents\|Contents]]	Contents
An interwiki link	[[wikipedia:top (Unix)\|]]	[[wikipedia:top (Unix)\|top]]	top

Tables

Tables can be added to wiki pages using either XHTML table elements directly, or using wikitext formatting to define the table. The benefit of wikitext is that it tends to be easier to see the table structure when editing.

As a general rule, it is best to avoid using a table unless you need one. Table markup often complicates page editing.

Wiki table markup summary

Note: The following markers must each start on a new line.

{\|	table start
\|+	table caption, optional; only between table start and the first table row
\|-	table row, optional on the first row
!	table header cell, optional.
\|	table data cell, required!
\|}	table end

These markers can also be used to write several consecutive table cells on the same line:

!!	Start a consecutive table header cell.
\|\|	Start a consecutive table data cell.

Basic table examples

The following table lacks borders and good spacing but shows the simplest wiki markup table structure.

You type

You get

{|
|Orange
|Apple
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream 
|}

Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie
Butter	Ice cream

The cells in the same row can be listed on one line separated by || (two pipe symbols). If the text in the cell contains a line break, use   instead.

You type

You get

{|
|Orange||Apple||more
|-
|Bread||Pie||more
|-
|Butter||Ice<br />cream||and<br />more
|}

Orange	Apple	more
Bread	Pie	more
Butter	Ice cream	and more

Extra spaces within cells in the wiki markup do not affect the actual table rendering:

You type

You get

{|
|  Orange    ||   Apple   ||   more
|-
|   Bread    ||   Pie     ||   more
|-
|   Butter   || Ice cream ||  and more
|}

Orange	Apple	more
Bread	Pie	more
Butter	Ice cream	and more

You can have longer text or more complex wiki syntax inside table cells:

You type

You get

{|
|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, 
consetetur sadipscing elitr, 
sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, 
sed diam voluptua. 

At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores
et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren,
no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet. 
|
* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
* consetetur sadipscing elitr
* sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt
|}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,

consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.

At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
consetetur sadipscing elitr
sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt

Table headers

Table headers can be created by using "!" (exclamation mark) instead of "|" (pipe symbol). Headers usually show up bold and centered by default.

You type

You get

{|
! Item
! Amount
! Cost
|-
|Orange
|10
|7.00
|-
|Bread
|4
|3.00
|-
|Butter
|1
|5.00
|-
!Total
|
|15.00
|}

Item	Amount	Cost
Orange	10	7.00
Bread	4	3.00
Butter	1	5.00
Total		15.00

Table captions

A table caption can be added to any table as follows.

You type

You get

{|
|+Food complements
|-
|Orange
|Apple
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream 
|}

Food complements
Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie
Butter	Ice cream

Table attributes

The wikitext table markers can accept a space separated list of XHTML attributes. For example, this wikitext will start a row with green text:

|- style="color:green;"

In table cells and captions (| or ||, ! or !!, and |+) the attributes are separated from cell content with a single pipe character (|).

|align="right"|This is a right-aligned table cell.

For the authoritative source on XHTML attributes, see the W3C's HTML 4.01 Specification page on tables.

Attributes on entire tables

Placing attributes after the table start tag ({|) applies attributes to the entire table.

You type

You get

{| border="1" align="center" style="text-align:center;"
|Orange
|Apple
|12,333.00
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|500.00
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream
|1.00
|}

Orange	Apple	12,333.00
Bread	Pie	500.00
Butter	Ice cream	1.00

Attributes on cells

You can put attributes on individual cells. For example, numbers may look better aligned right.

You type

You get

{| border="1"
|Orange
|Apple
|align="right" | 12,333.00
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|align="right" | 500.00
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream
|align="right" | 1.00
|}

Orange	Apple	12,333.00
Bread	Pie	500.00
Butter	Ice cream	1.00

You can also use cell attributes when you are listing multiple cells on a single line. Note that the cells are separated by ||, and within each cell the attributes and cell contents are separated by |.

You type

You get

{| border="1"
| Orange || Apple     || align="right" | 12,333.00
|-
| Bread  || Pie       || align="right" | 500.00
|-
| Butter || Ice cream || align="right" | 1.00
|}

Orange	Apple	12,333.00
Bread	Pie	500.00
Butter	Ice cream	1.00

Attributes on rows

You can set attributes for individual rows.

You type

You get

{| border="1"
|Orange
|Apple
|align="right"|12,333.00
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|align="right"|500.00
|- style="font-style:italic; color:green;"
|Butter
|Ice cream
|align="right"|1.00
|}

Orange	Apple	12,333.00
Bread	Pie	500.00
Butter	Ice cream	1.00

One-pixel table borders

A one-pixel border can be achieved using separated borders or the collapsing border model.

You type

You get

{|style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000; padding: 0"
|-
!style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Orange
!style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Apple
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"| Bread
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0"| Pie
|}

Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie

{|style="border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000"
|-
!style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Orange
!style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Apple
|-
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Bread
|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Pie
|}

Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie

HTML colspan and rowspan

You can use HTML colspan and rowspan attributes on cells for advanced layout.

You type

You get

{| border="1"
!colspan="6"|Shopping List
|-
|rowspan="2"|Bread & Butter
|Pie
|Buns
|Danish
|colspan="2"|Croissant
|-
|Cheese
|colspan="2"|Ice cream
|Butter
|Yoghurt
|}

Shopping List
Bread & Butter	Pie	Buns	Danish	Croissant
Bread & Butter	Cheese	Ice cream		Butter	Yoghurt

Table attributes with CSS styles

CSS style attributes can be added to tables with or without other HTML attributes.

You type

You get

{| style="color:green; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
|Orange
|Apple
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream 
|}

Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie
Butter	Ice cream

Attributes can be added to the caption and headers as follows.

You type

You get

{| border="1" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0"
|+ align="bottom" style="color:#e76700;" |''Food complements''
|-
|Orange
|Apple
|-
|Bread
|Pie
|-
|Butter
|Ice cream 
|}

*Food complements*
Orange	Apple
Bread	Pie
Butter	Ice cream

Accessibility of table header cells

Table header cells do not explicitly specify which table data cells they apply to (those on their right on the same row, or those below them on the same column). When the table is displayed in a visual 2D environment, this is usually obvious. However when tables are rendered on non-visual medias, you can help the browser to determine which table header cell applies to the description of any selected cell (in order to repeat its content in some accessibility helper) using a scope="row" or scope="col" attribute on table header cells. In most cases with simple tables, you'll use scope="col" on all header cells of the first row, and scope="row" on the first cell of the following rows:

You type

You get

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|-
!scope="col"| Item
!scope="col"| Quantity
!scope="col"| Price
|-
!scope="row"| Bread
| 0.3 kg
| $0.65
|-
!scope="row"| Butter
| 0.125 kg
| $1.25
|-
!scope="row" colspan="2"| Total
| $1.90
|}

Item	Quantity	Price
Bread	0.3 kg	$0.65
Butter	0.125 kg	$1.25
Total		$1.90

Sortable tables

To make a table sortable add class="sortable" as shown below.

You type

You get

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sortable table
|-
! Letter !! Number !! Title
|-
| c || 1 || Five
|-
| b || 3 || rows
|-
| e || 5 || of
|-
| d || 2 || text
|-
| a || 0 || here.
|}

Sortable table
Letter	Number	Title
c	1	Five
b	3	rows
e	5	of
d	2	text
a	0	here.

It is also possible to make some columns sortable and others non-sortable:

You type

You get

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sortable table
|-
! Letter !! class="unsortable"|Number !! Title
|-
| c || 1 || Five
|-
| b || 3 || rows
|-
| e || 5 || of
|-
| d || 2 || text
|-
| a || 0 || here.
|}

Sortable table
Letter	Number	Title
c	1	Five
b	3	rows
e	5	of
d	2	text
a	0	here.

Table pitfalls!

If you start a cell on a new line with a negative number with a minus sign (or a parameter that evaluates to a negative number), your table can get broken, because the characters |- will be parsed as the wiki markup for table row, not table cell. To avoid this, insert a space before the value (| -6) or use in-line cell markup (|| -6).

Images

Main article: Help:Images

Note: Images must be uploaded to the wiki before they can be embedded in a wiki page.

Uploading an image

Main article: Help:Uploading images

In the sidebar, under “toolbox”, click “Upload file”
Select the “Source filename”
You can fill in the optional “Summary” text. Note: This is a plain text summary, not wikitext.

After you upload a file, you will be redirected to the “file description page”. You should edit this page to provide more information about the file. For example, you should explain where you got the file from, and what its copyright status is.

Supported media types for images

The following file formats are supported on Nottinghack Wiki:

.jpg or .jpeg : bitmap image compressed in the standard JPEG format (this lossy format is most suitable for photographs).
.png : bitmap image in the Portable Network Graphics format (specified by the W3 Consortium).
.gif : bitmap image in the legacy Graphics Interchange Format.
.svg : scalable image in the Scalable Vector Graphics format (specified by the W3 Consortium).

Widgets

MediaWiki widgets allow you to embed web widgets into a wiki page. Each widget has its own documentation, which can be found in the list of available widgets.

Namespaces

Pages in MediaWiki are partitioned into 'namespaces', which indicate the purpose of the pages at a high level. Namespaces are specified in page titles by prefixing the page name with "namespace:". For example, the prefix "Help:" in this page's title ("Help:Reference guide") indicates that this page is in the Help namespace.

Note: Colons and prefixes can also appear in page titles without indicating a namespace: The page Foo:Reference guide is a page located in the Main namespace, because the namespace "Foo" does not exist. Similarly the page Help:Foo:Reference guide is in the "Help" namespace.

Standard namespaces

These are the namespaces that exist on Nottinghack Wiki. Pages in some namespaces have special properties.

Namespace	Purpose	Special properties
Media	An alias used to link directly to media files.
Special	Used to group special pages, reports and interfaces that are generated 'on demand' by MediaWiki and which are not directly editable.	Not directly editable
Main	This namespace typically contains the bulk of the content pages in a wiki.	It has no special properties. However, {{NAMESPACE}} will equal '' on these pages.
Talk	Used for discussion attached to the main namespace.	It has no special properties.
User	Each user has a corresponding page in the User namespace, which is linked to from edit histories, watchlists, recent changes, etc; wherever an individual user is uniquely identified. This page, and subpages of it, can be used by users to record information about themselves or to test and draft new content.
User talk	A discussion space associated with the User namespace, mainly used to leave messages for particular users or inform them of discussions that may be of interest to them.
Nottinghack Wiki	Normally used for content pages that document the operation and development of the wiki.	It has no special properties.
Nottinghack Wiki talk	Normally used for discussions related to the associated content pages.	It has no special properties.
File	Used to store metadata for images, videos, sound files and other media accessed via the Media namespace. Each file has a corresponding page in the File namespace which is often used to hold licensing data.	Linking directly to a page in this namespace instead includes the media file inline in the page. See #Images for details of the link syntax. There is an alias "Image" for the File namespace.
File talk	Normally used for discussion of the media files.	It has no special properties.
MediaWiki	Used to hold system messages and other important content.
MediaWiki talk	A talk namespace that is normally used for discussions related to the system messages.	It has no special properties.
Template	Used to hold templates. To facilitate this it has the special property that it is the default namespace for transclusions.	When transcluding from this namespace the namespace can be dropped, ie. `{{Template:Info}}` can be written as `{{Info}}`
Template talk	A talk namespace that is normally used for discussion of the template pages. It has no special properties.
Help	Used to hold help files, instructions and 'how-to' guides.	It has no special properties.
Help talk	Used for discussions related to the help pages.	It has no special properties.
Category	Contains categories (dynamic lists of other pages). To facilitate this, linking directly to a category page does not output an inline link, but instead adds the page into the associated category page.	Adds page to category.
Category talk	Used for discussion of the category pages.	It has no special properties.

Prefixes

The Nottinghack Wiki uses the Team: prefix for work Teams.

Talk pages

Main article: Help:Talkpage

The MediaWiki namespaces are organised in pairs, with each pair containing a 'subject namespace' and a 'discussion namespace'. Every page in a subject namespace has an associated talk page which can be used to communicate with other users. Talk pages can be accessed by clicking the “discussion” tab at the top of a page. Simply edit the page as normal to add your comment.

User pages

A user page in the User namespace is a page about a member of the wiki. If you have registered, you can create your own user page. Your user page is linked in the top right. Others will see links to your user page from various places which assist wiki collaboration, including the “Recent changes” and “page history” pages. Every user page also has an associated "user talk page". This is a special kind of talk page, for leaving messages directed at a particular user. Also see Wikipedia:User pages.

Subpages

Subpages introduce hierarchical organization into wiki pages, with levels of the hierarchy separated by slashes (/).

Where it works

By default, MediaWiki's subpage feature is turned off in the main namespace, but can be used on talk pages and user pages. In namespaces where the feature is switched off, any slashes (/) within a page name are simply part of the page name and do nothing special.

How it works

Slashes (/) within a page name break the page into parent and subpages, recursively, e.g.:

Help:Reference guide - this page
Help:Reference guide/subpage - child page
Help:Reference guide/subpage/sub-subpage - grandchild page

Note that the part of page names after a slash is case sensitive. In subpages, a link back to the parent page will automatically appear at the top.

Use of subpages

Some typical uses for subpages are:

to create archives of old discussions under a talk page
to create scratchpad editing spaces under a user page

Subpages are useful for organising information hierarchically. On the other hand, subpages tend to have a long name that is hard to remember, so it may be more user-friendly to use them as little as possible. You can also organize pages with the category feature, which is more suitable for creating a hierarchical network of information.

Templates

MediaWiki templates can be used to include standard messages on several wiki pages. If you change a template then the text will be updated on all of the pages where it is used.

Template creation

Templates are standard wiki pages whose content is designed to be transcluded. You can create them like any other wiki page. Templates follow a convention that the name is prefixed with "Template:".

Using templates

The tag {{Name}} transcludes the content of a template (stored in the page [[Template:Name]]). For example, if you have a page called "Template:Welcome" with the contents:

Hello! Welcome to the wiki.

You can insert the code {{Welcome}} in any other page, and when that page is viewed the text "Hello! Welcome to the wiki." will appear.

An ordinary wiki page can also be used as a template, simply by specifying the full name with the namespace:

{{:Pagename}} includes [[Pagename]]
{{Foo:Pagename}} includes [[Foo:Pagename]]

Controlling the time of transclusion

You write	Effect
`{{Name}}`	Transcludes the content of the template (stored in the page [[Template:Name]]) every time the page is fetched and displayed. If the template is later changed, the transcluding pages will automatically change too.
`{{msgnw:Name}}`	Includes the template in a form that displays it as raw wiki syntax (the way `<nowiki>` does).
`{{subst:Name}}`	This tag is substituted with the contents of the named template at the time you save the page. The contents can then be edited separately from the original in the template page. Note: don not use this if you want to continually propagate changes from the source template to the pages that reference it.
`{{safesubst:Name}}`	A type of substitution that doesn't break transclusion, see wikipedia:Help:Substitution#The safesubst: modifier.

Parameters

MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to a template when it is transcluded. There are three ways to pass parameters: anonymously, by number, and by name.

To pass in anonymous parameters to a template, list the values of those parameters sequentially:

{{Thankyou|all your effort|Joe}}

Inside the template these parameters can be accessed by number:

{{{1}}} → all your effort

{{{2}}} → Joe

To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:

{{Thankyou|2=Joe|1=all your effort}}

The third way of passing parameters is by name, instead of numbers.

{{Thankyou|signature=Joe|reason=all your effort}}

Inside the template these parameters can be accessed by name:

{{{signature}}} → Joe

{{{reason}}} → all your effort

The advantage of using named parameters in your template, besides also being flexible in the order parameters can be passed, is that it makes the template code much easier to understand if there are many parameters.

Default values

It is possible to define default values for parameters in case no value is passed in. The syntax to retrieve a parameter using a default value is:

{{{ParameterName|DefaultValue}}}

The default parameter can be ommitted, in which case it defaults to an empty string:

{{{ParameterName|}}}

Control template inclusion

Anything between <noinclude> and </noinclude> will be displayed only when the template page is viewed directly.

Possible applications are:

Categorising templates
Explanatory text about how to use the template.

To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:

<noinclude>
== Usage ==
{{Thankyou|reason=your reason|signature=your signature}}
</noinclude>

The converse is <includeonly>. Text between <includeonly> and </includeonly> will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included. The obvious application is to add all pages containing a given template to a category, without putting the template itself into that category. Notw: When you change the categories applied by a template, the categorization of the pages that use that template may not be updated until some time later.

Organizing templates

For templates to be effective, users need to find them, and find out how to use them. See the list of all templates.

Magic Words

Magic words are strings of text that MediaWiki interprets as a value or function. Page-dependent magic words will affect or return data about the current page (by default), even if the word is added through a transcluded template or included system message.

Behavior switches

A behavior switch controls the layout or behaviour of the page and can often be used to specify desired omissions and inclusions.

Word	Description
`__NOTOC__`	Hides the table of contents (TOC).
`__FORCETOC__`	Forces the table of contents to appear at its normal position (above the first header).
`__TOC__`	Places a table of contents at the word's current position (overriding `__NOTOC__`). If this is used multiple times, the table of contents will appear at the first word's position.
`__NEWSECTIONLINK__`	Adds a link ("+" by default) beside the "edit" tab for adding a new section on a non-talk page (see Adding a section to the end).
`__NOINDEX__`	Tell search engines not to index the page (ie, do not list in search engines' results).

Variables

Variables return information about the current page, wiki, or date. Their syntax is similar to templates.

Parser functions

Parser functions have the same syntax as templates. The names are sometimes prefixed with a hash to distinguish them from template page names.

Conditional expressions

#if

This function tests whether the first parameter is non-empty. It evaluates to false if the test string is empty or contains only whitespace characters (spaces, newlines, etc).

{{#if: test string | value if true | value if false }}

#ifeq

This parser function compares two strings and determines whether they are identical.

{{#ifeq: string 1 | string 2 | value if identical | value if different }}

#iferror

This function evaluates to true if the input string contains an HTML object with class="error", as generated by other parser functions such as #expr, #time and #rel2abs, template and errors such as loops and recursions.

{{#iferror: test string | value if error | value if correct }}

#ifexpr

This function evaluates a mathematical expression and returns one of two strings depending on the boolean value of the result:

{{#ifexpr: expression | value if true | value if false }}

#ifexist

This function returns one of two values depending on whether a page exists on the local wiki.

{{#ifexist: page title | value if the page exists | value if it doesn't exist }}

#switch

This function compares one input value against several test cases, returning an associated string if a match is found.

{{#switch: comparison string
 | case1 = result1
 | case2 = result2
 | ...
 | caseN = resultN
 | default result0
}}

#expr

This function evaluates a mathematical expression and returns the calculated value. See metawikipedia:Help:Calculation for details of operators and constants.

{{#expr: expression }}

URL data

Parser function	Input → Output	Description
`{{localurl:page name}}` `{{localurl:page name\|query_string}}`	`{{localurl:MediaWiki}}` → /wiki/MediaWiki `{{localurl:MediaWiki\|printable=yes}}` → /index.php?title=MediaWiki&printable=yes	The relative path to the title.
`{{fullurl:page name}}` `{{fullurl:page name\|query_string}}` `{{fullurl:interwiki:remote page name\|query_string}}`	`{{fullurl:Category:Top level}}` → https://wiki.nottinghack.org.uk/wiki/Category:Top_level `{{fullurl:Category:Top level\|action=edit}}` → https://wiki.nottinghack.org.uk/index.php?title=Category:Top_level&action=edit	The absolute path to the title. This will also resolve Interwiki prefixes.
`{{filepath:file name}}` `{{filepath:file name\|nowiki}}`	`{{filepath:Example.jpg}}` → https://wiki.nottinghack.org.uk/images/a/a9/Example.jpg	The absolute URL to the full size media file.
`{{#rel2abs: path }}` `{{#rel2abs: path \| base path }}`	`{{#rel2abs:.}}` → Help:Reference guide `{{#rel2abs:.\|Help:Contents}}` → Help:Contents	Converts a relative file path into an absolute filepath. In `path</path> the following syntax is valid: . → the current level .. → "go up one level" /foo → "go into the subdirectory /foo" If base path is not specified, the full page name of the page will be used instead.`

Date and time functions

Variable	Output	Description
`{{#timel: Y F d, h:i:s}}`	2024 November 22, 07:55:07	Displays the current time and date in the local timezone of the wiki. Due to caching, these variables frequently show when the page was cached rather than the current time.

Namespace functions

{{ns:}} returns the localized name for a namespace. {{nse:}} is the equivalent encoded for MediaWiki URLs. It does the same, but it replaces spaces with underscores, making it usable in external links.

Content namespaces		Talk namespaces
Usage	Output	Usage	Output
`{{ns:-2}}` or `{{ns:Media}}`	Media
`{{ns:-1}}` or `{{ns:Special}}`	Special
`{{ns:0}}` or `{{ns:}}`		`{{ns:1}}` or `{{ns:Talk}}`	Talk
`{{ns:2}}` or `{{ns:User}}`	User	`{{ns:3}}` or `{{ns:User talk}}`	User talk
`{{ns:4}}` or `{{ns:Project}}`	Nottinghack Wiki	`{{ns:5}}` or `{{ns:Project talk}}`	Nottinghack Wiki talk
`{{ns:6}}` or `{{ns:File}}` or `{{ns:Image}}`	File	`{{ns:7}}` or `{{ns:File talk}}` or `{{ns:Image talk}}`	File talk
`{{ns:8}}` or `{{ns:MediaWiki}}`	MediaWiki	`{{ns:9}}` or `{{ns:MediaWiki talk}}`	MediaWiki talk
`{{ns:10}}` or `{{ns:Template}}`	Template	`{{ns:11}}` or `{{ns:Template talk}}`	Template talk
`{{ns:12}}` or `{{ns:Help}}`	Help	`{{ns:13}}` or `{{ns:Help talk}}`	Help talk
`{{ns:14}}` or `{{ns:Category}}`	Category	`{{ns:15}}` or `{{ns:Category talk}}`	Category talk

Formatting functions

Usage	Input → Output	Description
`{{lc:string}}`	`{{lc:DATA CENTER}}` → data center	The lowercase input.
`{{lcfirst:string}}`	`{{lcfirst:DATA center}}` → dATA center	The input with the first character lowercase.
`{{uc:string}}`	`{{uc:text transform}}` → TEXT TRANSFORM	The uppercase input.
`{{ucfirst:string}}`	`{{ucfirst:text TRANSFORM}}` → Text TRANSFORM	The input with the first character uppercase.
`{{padleft:xyz\|stringlength}}` `{{padleft:xyz\|strlen\|char}}` `{{padleft:xyz\|strlen\|string}}`	`{{padleft:xyz\|5}}` → 00xyz `{{padleft:xyz\|5\|_}}` → __xyz `{{padleft:xyz\|5\|abc}}` → abxyz `{{padleft:xyz\|2}}` → xyz `{{padleft:\|1\|xyz}}` → x (first character of the string)	Inserts a string of padding characters (parameter 3) of a specified length (parameter 2) next to a chosen base character or variable (first parameter). The final digits or characters in the base replace the final characters in the padding. The padding string may be truncated if its length does not evenly divide the required number of characters.
`{{padright:xyz\|stringlength}}` `{{padright:xyz\|strlen\|char}}` `{{padright:xyz\|strlen\|string}}`	`{{padright:xyz\|5}}` → xyz00 `{{padright:xyz\|5\|_}}` → xyz__ `{{padright:xyz\|5\|abc}}` → xyzab `{{padright:xyz\|2}}` → xyz `{{padright:\|1\|xyz}}` → x	Identical to padleft, but adds padding characters to the right side.
`{{plural:2\|is\|are}}`	`{{plural:0\|is\|are}}` → are `{{plural:1*1\|is\|are}}` → is `{{plural:21 mod 10\|is\|are}}` → are `{{plural:{{#expr:21 mod 10}}\|is\|are}}` → is `{{plural:1\|is\|are}}` → is `{{plural:2\|is\|are}}` → are	Outputs the singular form (second parameter) if the first parameter is an expression equalling one; the plural form (third parameter) otherwise. Plural transformations are used for languages like Russian based on "count mod 10".
`{{#titleparts: pagename \| number of segments to return \| first segment to return }}`	`{{#titleparts: Talk:Foo/bar/baz }}` → Talk:Foo/bar/baz `{{#titleparts: Talk:Foo/bar/baz \| 1 }}` → Talk:Foo `{{#titleparts: Talk:Foo/bar/baz \| 2 }}` → Talk:Foo/bar `{{#titleparts: Talk:Foo/bar/baz \| 2 \| 2 }}` → bar/baz	Separates a pagetitle into segments based on slashes, then returns some of those segments as output. If the `number of segments` parameter is not specified, it defaults to "0", which returns all the segments. If the `first segment` parameter is not specified or is "0", it defaults to "1":

Miscellaneous functions

Usage	Output	Description
`{{#special:special page name}} {{#special:userlogin}}`	Special:Special page name Special:UserLogin	The localized name for the given Special: page.
`{{gender:username \|return text if user is male \|return text if user is female \|return text if user hasn't defined their gender}}`	(depends on the named user's gender)	A switch for the gender set in Special:Preferences Note: If 3rd parameter is omitted and user hasn't defined his/her gender, then `text if user is male` is returned.

Managing files and pages

See also: Help:Page deletion and redirection

Starting a new page

When a link points to an article that doesn't exist yet, the link will be coloured red. Clicking a red link will take you to the edit page where you can submit the new article. Usually this is the best way to create a new page, because it means that right from the start the page will be linked from at least one other place on the wiki. Normally there is no reason to create a page without first creating a red link to it. An alternative is to search for a page that doesn't exist (using the search box), which will provide a link to create a new stand-alone page.

Copying a page

There is no facility to copy a page in MediaWiki, so you must copy and paste the wikitext. It is not possible to copy the edit history from one page to another.

Moving (renaming) a page

The name of a page can be changed by using the "move" tab at the top. This tab is only visible if you are logged in. By using this feature, you also move the editing history of the page, which allows people to see how the contents of the page were built up, and who contributed what. Because the move operation leaves behind a redirect (see Redirects), it should not result in any broken links, however you might want to find pages which link to the old title, and change their text to link directly to the new title (see Unlinking a page).

Deciding on a page title can be a difficult aspect of wiki organization, and one which can provoke debates. If the move could be considered controversial, you should propose the move first (see Help:Page deletion and redirection).

As with all wiki editing, a move operation can be reversed. To reverse a move operation, simply move the page back to the previous name. If a page is renamed from "A" to "B" and then back to "A", a page with the title "B" will still be left behind, as a redirect from "B" to "A". To remove this page see deleting a page). Alternatively, users with the suppressredirect permission will see the option to move a page without creating a redirect.

Deleting a page

Normal users cannot permanently delete a wiki page. This is a deliberate design feature; every kind of editing operation can be reverted and that includes resurrecting deleted pages. If for some reason you need a page to be deleted urgently, please see Project:Mark a page for deletion. For any other deletion that might be controversial or disruptive, you should propose the change first (see Project:Propose a page deletion).

Unlinking a page

The "What links here" feature in the Tools (at the bottom of the sidebar) will tell you which other Wiki pages link to the current page. Always use this feature to check before deleting a page. These related pages will need to be edited for their links to reflect the change.

Redirects

See also: Help:Page deletion and redirection

Redirects are used to forward users from one page name to another. They can be useful if a particular article is referred to by multiple names, or has alternative punctuation, capitalization or spellings.

Creating a redirect

You may start a new page with the name you want to direct from (see Starting a new page). You can also use an existing page that you are making inactive as a page by going to that page and using the "edit" tab at the top. In either case, insert the following code at the very start of the Edit window for the page:

#REDIRECT [[pagename]]

where pagename is the name of the destination page. There must be no space before the "#" symbol. Any text before the code will disable the code and prevent a redirect.

Double redirects

A double redirect is a page redirecting to a page which is itself a redirect, and it will not work. Instead, people will be presented with a view of the next redirect page. This is a deliberate restriction, partly to prevent infinite loops, and partly to keep things simple. Double redirects should be eliminated by changing them to be 1-step redirects instead. Use the "what links here" toolbox link to find double redirects to a particular page, or use Special:DoubleRedirects to find them throughout the whole wiki.

A redirect to a page in the category namespace

To prevent a page that redirects to a category from appearing in the category, precede the word "Category" with a colon:

#REDIRECT [[:Category:Glossary]]

System Information

Nottinghack Wiki is running MediaWiki 1.42.1. See:

Detailed version information and the list of extensions
The Interwiki Table
Usage statistics
The gallery or list of recently uploaded files.
Unused files that might not be needed.
Other SpecialPages

HTML Symbol Entities
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Help:Reference guide

About this Wiki

Formatting

Basic Markup

Formatting Pitfalls

Symbols

Mathematical formulae

Signatures

Layout

Headings

Paragraphs

Other section formatting

Links

Internal links

Links to section headings

External links

External link icons

How to avoid auto-links

Interwiki links

The pipe trick

Tables

Wiki table markup summary

Basic table examples

Table headers

Table captions

Table attributes

Attributes on entire tables

Attributes on cells

Attributes on rows

One-pixel table borders

HTML colspan and rowspan

Table attributes with CSS styles

Accessibility of table header cells

Sortable tables

Table pitfalls!

Images

Uploading an image

Supported media types for images

Widgets

Namespaces

Standard namespaces

Prefixes

Talk pages

User pages

See also

Categories

Navigating categories

Adding a page to a category

Creating a category page

Managing the category hierarchy

Linking to a category

Specifying subsection on category page

See also

Subpages

Where it works

How it works

Use of subpages

See also

Templates

Template creation

Using templates

Controlling the time of transclusion

Parameters

Default values

Control template inclusion

Organizing templates

See also

Magic Words

Behavior switches

Variables

Parser functions

Conditional expressions

#if

#ifeq

#iferror

#ifexpr

#ifexist

#switch

#expr

URL data

HTML Symbol Entities
Á	á	Â	â	´	Æ	æ	À	à	ℵ	Α	α	&	∧	∠	Å	å	≈	Ã	ã	Ä	ä	„	Β	β	¦	•	∩	Ç	ç	¸	¢
Χ	χ	ˆ	♣	≅	©	↵	∪	¤	†	‡	↓	⇓	°	Δ	δ	♦	÷	É	é	Ê	ê	È	è	∅			Ε	ε	≡	Η	η
Ð	ð	Ë	ë	€	∃	ƒ	∀	½	¼	¾	⁄	Γ	γ	≥	>	↔	⇔	♥	…	Í	í	Î	î	¡	Ì	ì	ℑ	∞	∫	Ι	ι
¿	∈	Ï	ï	Κ	κ	Λ	λ	⟨	«	←	⇐	⌈	“	≤	⌊	∗	◊	‎	‹	‘	<	¯	—	µ	·	−	Μ	μ	∇		–
≠	∋	¬	∉	⊄	Ñ	ñ	Ν	ν	Ó	ó	Ô	ô	Œ	œ	Ò	ò	‾	Ω	ω	Ο	ο	⊕	∨	ª	º	Ø	ø	Õ	õ	⊗	Ö
ö	¶	∂	‰	⊥	Φ	φ	Π	π	ϖ	±	£	′	″	∏	∝	Ψ	ψ	"	√	⟩	»	→	⇒	⌉	”	ℜ	®	⌋	Ρ	ρ	‏
›	’	‚	Š	š	⋅	§		Σ	σ	ς	∼	♠	⊂	⊆	∑	⊃	¹	²	³	⊇	ß	Τ	τ	∴	Θ	θ	ϑ		Þ	þ	˜
×	™	Ú	ú	↑	⇑	Û	û	Ù	ù	¨	ϒ	Υ	υ	Ü	ü	℘	Ξ	ξ	Ý	ý	¥	ÿ	Ÿ	Ζ	ζ	‍	‌